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Home Basic Finance
SEBI

SEBI: Role, Objective, Structure and Functions of Securities and Exchange Board of India

Elearnmarkets by Elearnmarkets
June 23, 2022
in Basic Finance
Reading Time: 11 mins read
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Hindi: आप इस लेख को हिंदी में भी पढ़ सकते है|

Bengali: এই ব্লগটি এখানে বাংলায় পড়ুন।

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The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)– Regulator of the financial markets in India that was established on 12th April 1988.

It was initially established as a non-statutory body, i.e. it had no control over anything but later in 1992, it was declared an autonomous body with statutory powers. he

This regulatory authority plays an important role in regulating the securities market of India. Thereby it is important to know the purpose and objective of the same.

Thus, In this blog, we will discuss why was this regulatory body was formed and what are the roles, functions, and objectives of this regulatory authority:

Table Of Contents
  1. Why was SEBI formed?
  2. Role of SEBI:
    • 1. Issuers of securities
    • 2. Investor
    • 3. Financial Intermediaries
  3. Functions of SEBI:
    • 1. Protective Functions
    • 2. Regulatory Functions
    • Learn about stock market with Basics of Financial Markets Course by Market Experts
    • 3. Development Functions
  4. Objectives of SEBI:
    • 1. Protection to the investors
    • 2. Prevention of malpractices
    • 3. Fair and proper functioning
  5. Organizational Structure:
  6. Powers of SEBI:
  7. Mutual Funds and SEBI:
  8. Mutual Fund Regulations by SEBI:
  9. New SEBI Guidelines Effective from 1st September 2021:
    • Frequently Asked Questions
      • What is the full form of SEBI?
      • What does SEBI do?
      • What is SEBI and its function?
      • What is the role of SEBI in the Indian financial system?
      • What are the duties of SEBI?

Why was SEBI formed?

At the end of the 1970s and during the 1980s, capital markets were emerging as the new sensation among the individuals of India. Many malpractices started taking place such as unofficial self-styled merchant bankers, unofficial private placements, rigging of prices, non-adherence of provisions of the Companies Act, violation of rules and regulations of stock exchanges, delay in delivery of shares, price rigging, etc.

Due to these malpractices, people started losing confidence in the stock market. The government felt a sudden need to set up an authority to regulate the working and reduce these malpractices. As a result, the Government came up with the establishment of SEBI.

Role of SEBI:

This regulatory authority acts as a watchdog for all the capital market participants and its main purpose is to provide such an environment for the financial market enthusiasts that facilitate the efficient and smooth working of the securities market. SEBI also plays an important role in the economy.

To make this happen, it ensures that the three main participants of the financial market are taken care of, i.e. issuers of securities, investors, and financial intermediaries.

1. Issuers of securities

These are entities in the corporate field that raise funds from various sources in the market. This organization makes sure that they get a healthy and transparent environment for their needs.

2. Investor

Investors are the ones who keep the markets active. This regulatory authority is responsible for maintaining an environment that is free from malpractices to restore the confidence of the general public who invest their hard-earned money in the markets.

3. Financial Intermediaries

These are the people who act as middlemen between the issuers and investors. They make the financial transactions smooth and safe.

Functions of SEBI:

The main primary three functions are-

  1. Protective Function
  2. Regulatory Function
  3. Development Function

1. Protective Functions

As the name suggests, these functions are performed by SEBI to protect the interest of investors and other financial participants.

It includes-

  • Checking price rigging
  • Prevent insider trading
  • Promote fair practices
  • Create awareness among investors
  • Prohibit fraudulent and unfair trade practices

2. Regulatory Functions

These functions are basically performed to keep a check on the functioning of the business in the financial markets.

These functions include-

  • Designing guidelines and code of conduct for the proper functioning of financial intermediaries and corporate.
  • Regulation of takeover of companies
  • Conducting inquiries and audit of exchanges
  • Registration of brokers, sub-brokers, merchant bankers etc.
  • Levying of fees
  • Performing and exercising powers
  • Register and regulate credit rating agency

Learn about stock market with Basics of Financial Markets Course by Market Experts

3. Development Functions

This regulatory authority performs certain development functions also that include but they are not limited to-

  • Imparting training to intermediaries
  • Promotion of fair trading and reduction of malpractices
  • Carry out research work
  • Encouraging self-regulating organizations
  • Buy-sell mutual funds directly from AMC through a broker

Objectives of SEBI:

The objectives of the Stock Exchange Board of India are:

1. Protection to the investors

The primary objective of SEBI is to protect the interest of people in the stock market and provide a healthy environment for them.

2. Prevention of malpractices

This was the reason why SEBI was formed. Among the main objectives, preventing malpractices is one of them.

3. Fair and proper functioning

SEBI is responsible for the orderly functioning of the capital markets and keeps a close check over the activities of the financial intermediaries such as brokers, sub-brokers, etc.

Organizational Structure:

SEBI

The SEBI Board consist of nine members-

  1. One Chairman appointed by the Government of India
  2. Two members who are officers from Union Finance Ministry
  3. One member from Reserve Bank of India
  4. Five members appointed by the Union Government of India

Powers of SEBI:

When it comes to stock exchanges, SEBI has the power to regulate and approve any laws related to functions in the stock exchanges.

It has the powers to access the books of records and accounts for all the stock exchanges and it can arrange for periodical checks and returns into the workings of the stock exchanges.

It can also conduct hearings and pass judgments if there are any malpractices detected on the stock exchanges.

When it comes to the treatment of companies, it has the power to get companies listed and de-listed from any stock exchange in the country.

It has the power to completely regulate all aspects of insider trading and announce penalties and expulsions if a company is caught doing something unethical.

It can also make companies list their shares in more than one stock exchange if they see that it will be beneficial to investors.

Coming to investor protection, SEBI has the power to draft legal rules to ensure the protection of the general public.

It also has the power to regulate the registration of brokers and other middlemen who will deal with investors in the market.

Mutual Funds and SEBI:

Mutual funds are managed by Asset Management Companies (AMC), which have to be approved by SEBI. A Custodian registered with SEBI holds the securities of various schemes of the fund. The trustees of the AMC monitor the performance of the mutual fund and ensure that it works in compliance with SEBI Regulations.

Recently, a self-regulation agency for mutual funds has been set up called the Association of Mutual Funds of India (AMFI). AMFI focuses on developing the Indian mutual fund industry in a professional and ethical manner.

AMFI aims to enhance the operational standards in all areas with a view to protect and promote mutual funds and their stakeholders.

Mutual Fund Regulations by SEBI:

SEBI has also made a few policies and laid down guidelines for mutual funds in order to safeguard the interests of the investors.

These guidelines have been laid to bring uniformity in the working of the similar mutual funds’ scheme which will help the investors to make their investment decisions more clearly.

To bring uniformity in the functionality of the similar mutual fund scheme, SEBI has categorized mutual funds into the five broad categories:

They are:

  • Equity Schemes

  • Debt Schemes

  • Hybrid Schemes

  • Solution Oriented Schemes

  • Other Schemes

Other SEBI guidelines for Mutual Funds are as follow:

  • SEBI has reclassified large, mid and small-cap companies as follows:

Market Capitalization

Description

Large-cap company

1st to 100th company in terms of full market capitalization.

Mid-cap company

101st to 250th company in terms of full market capitalization.

Small-cap company

251st company onwards in terms of full market capitalization
  • There is a lock-in period specified for solution-oriented schemes
  • Permission of only one scheme in each category, except for Index Funds/ Exchange Traded Funds (ETF), Sectoral/Thematic Funds and Funds of Funds.

New SEBI Guidelines Effective from 1st September 2021:

Stock Exchange Board of India has announced that from September 1, 2021, there will a tectonic shift in India’s stock market i.e. the new intra-day trading margin rules of the Securities and Exchange Board of India started with full force.

In 2020, Sebi introduced the new margin rules for day traders under which it was necessary for the stockbrokers to collect minimum margins on leverage-based trade upfront as against the earlier practice of collecting it at the end of the day.

PhasesEffective from% of Peak Margins
Phase 1December 202025% of Peak Margins
Phase 2March 202150% of Peak Margins
Phase 3June 202175% of Peak Margins
Phase 4September 2021100% of Peak Margins

The main objective of SEBI in this whole exercise of peak margin system was for reducing speculation in the market so that retail investors do not end up incurring losses in volatile markets. The protests made by bodies like ANMI are that the volumes will reduce in the intraday market, but we did not see that when the rules became effective.

From the trader’s perspective, they should be prepared for paying up margins upfront for any position in the market. For the brokers, this will surely reduce the risk of open positions as they would be covered by margins for peak risk.

Also, the shares bought today cannot be sold tomorrow and the funds from today cannot be used tomorrow.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the full form of SEBI?

The full form of SEBI is the Stock Exchange Board of India.

What does SEBI do?

SEBI protect the interests of investors in securities and promotes the development and regulate the securities market

What is SEBI and its function?

SEBI regulates the functioning of the stock market, mutual funds, etc. and also protects the interests of the investors.

What is the role of SEBI in the Indian financial system?

SEBI’s main role in the Indian financial system is to regulate that the Indian stock markets in an orderly manner. SEBI was formed to protect the interests of investors and traders in the Indian stock market.

What are the duties of SEBI?

The main duty of SEBI is to regulate the Indian Capital markets. It monitors and regulates the stock market and protects the interests of the investors by enforcing certain rules and regulations.

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Comments 28

  1. Waseem Akhtar says:
    4 years ago

    It’s not 12th April, 2018. It’s 1988.

    Reply
    • Sakshi Agarwal says:
      4 years ago

      Hi Waseem!

      Thank you! We have made the changes!

      Happy Reading!

      Reply
  2. vijith v s says:
    4 years ago

    useful informations

    Reply
    • Sakshi Agarwal says:
      4 years ago

      Hi Vijith,

      Thank You!

      Keep Reading!!

      Reply
  3. Neelam says:
    3 years ago

    Hello dear this is great knowledge for me to prepare my examination
    Thanks dear

    Reply
    • Sakshi Agarwal says:
      3 years ago

      Hi Neelam,

      Thank you for Reading!

      Keep Reading!

      Reply
  4. Sakshi goyal says:
    3 years ago

    It helps me a lot. .. today is my exam and SEBI is one of my topic …ty for this

    Reply
    • Sakshi Agarwal says:
      3 years ago

      Hi Sakshi,

      Thank you for your feedback.

      Keep Reading!

      Reply
  5. Kabila says:
    3 years ago

    Thank you so much.

    Reply
    • Sakshi Agarwal says:
      3 years ago

      Hi,

      Thank you for Reading!

      Keep Reading!

      Reply
  6. Abhishek says:
    3 years ago

    Dear Author,

    Thank you for writing this article, it is very informative and useful. As per my experience there is a vital difference between educated and being financial educated. The article written by you will make people financial educated.

    Regards,

    Abhishek

    Reply
  7. Paresh Ranjane says:
    3 years ago

    U really doing great work and hats off to your team, really guys your team doing treamoundeous job.

    Reply
  8. SATHVIKA says:
    3 years ago

    NICE INFORMATION. AND THANK YOU SO MUCH.

    Reply
  9. MD SHABAB ALAM says:
    2 years ago

    Nice n crisp information. Thank you very much.

    Reply
    • Sakshi Agarwal says:
      2 years ago

      Hi,

      We are glad that you liked our blog post.

      Thank you for Reading!

      Reply
    • Babajaan kalebudde says:
      1 year ago

      Thank u so much for writing this article. It hlps me a lot, monday is my exam and SEBI is my one of the toppic once again thank u so much dear

      Reply
      • Sakshi Agarwal says:
        1 year ago

        Hi,

        We really appreciated that you liked our blog! Thank you for your feedback!

        Keep Reading!

        Reply
  10. Abhishek kumar Jha says:
    2 years ago

    u are doing good job.nice

    Reply
    • Sakshi Agarwal says:
      2 years ago

      Hi,

      Thank you for Reading!

      Keep Reading

      Reply
  11. Divyansh says:
    2 years ago

    keep posting. bookmarked this site. thanks so much

    Reply
    • Sakshi Agarwal says:
      2 years ago

      Hi,

      We really appreciated that you liked our blog.

      Keep Reading!

      Reply
  12. Pooja says:
    1 year ago

    Excellently explained

    Reply
    • Sakshi Agarwal says:
      1 year ago

      Hi,

      We really appreciated that you liked our blog.

      Keep Reading!

      Reply
  13. S.SHANMUGA PRIYA says:
    1 year ago

    Tq super record

    Reply
    • Sakshi Agarwal says:
      1 year ago

      Hi,

      We really appreciated that you liked our blog! Thank you for your feedback!

      Keep Reading!

      Reply
  14. G's Rajput says:
    1 year ago

    Tnqqq

    Reply
    • Sakshi Agarwal says:
      1 year ago

      Hi,

      We really appreciated that you liked our blog! Thank you for your feedback!

      Keep Reading!

      Reply
  15. Rohan Singh says:
    3 weeks ago

    Very usuful and short answers given there in this page.
    So i would like to thanks sakshi agarwal.

    Please support us always😊

    Reply

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